CML MEDICAL ABBREVIATION, CML SYMTEMS AND CML DIAGNOSIS CRITERIA.

 

CML MEDICAL ABBREVIATION:

CML stands for chronic myeloid leukemia.

CML is a type of cancer that affects the white blood cells, specifically the granulocytes and monocytes, which are responsible for fighting off infections and other foreign invaders in the body. CML is characterized by the overproduction of these white blood cells, which can lead to a number of symptoms and complications. It's considered a chronic disease, and it's treated with medication that targets the BCR-ABL protein that is present in CML cells.

 CML SYMTEMS: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) can cause a variety of symptoms, which can vary depending on the stage of the disease and the individual. The following are some of the most common symptoms of CML:

Fatigue: CML can cause a general feeling of tiredness and weakness, which can make it difficult to carry out normal activities.

Anemia: CML can cause anemia, which is a condition characterized by a low red blood cell count. This can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath.

Bruising or bleeding: CML can cause a decrease in platelets, which are the cells that help blood to clot. This can lead to easy bruising or bleeding, such as nosebleeds or bleeding gums.

Swelling or pain in the bones or joints: CML can cause the accumulation of white blood cells in the bones or joints, which can lead to swelling or pain.

Enlarged spleen or lymph nodes: CML can cause the spleen or lymph nodes to enlarge, which can lead to discomfort or pain in the upper left abdomen.

Night sweats: CML can cause sweating at night, which can disrupt sleep and lead to fatigue.

Loss of appetite or weight loss: CML can cause a loss of appetite or weight loss, which can be caused by the disease itself or by treatment-related side effects.

Fever: CML can cause fever, which can be caused by the disease itself or by infection.

It's important to note that some people with CML may not have any symptoms at all or have only mild symptoms. In some cases, CML is discovered as an incidental finding during a routine blood test. If you have any symptoms or concerns, it's important to speak with your healthcare provider.

CML DIAGNOSIS CRITERIA: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a type of blood cancer that affects the white blood cells, specifically the granulocytes and monocytes, which are responsible for fighting off infections and other foreign invaders in the body. CML is characterized by the overproduction of these white blood cells, which can lead to a number of symptoms and complications.

The diagnosis of CML is based on a combination of clinical, laboratory, and molecular tests. The following are the criteria used to diagnose CML:

Presence of Philadelphia chromosome: The Philadelphia chromosome is a genetic abnormality that is present in nearly all cases of CML. This chromosome is formed by the translocation of genetic material between chromosomes 9 and 22, which results in the fusion of two genes, BCR and ABL. The presence of the Philadelphia chromosome can be detected using a variety of molecular tests, such as FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) or PCR (polymerase chain reaction).

Elevated white blood cell count: CML is characterized by an overproduction of white blood cells, which can lead to an elevated white blood cell count. This is typically identified through a complete blood count (CBC) test, which measures the number of different types of cells in the blood. In CML, the white blood cell count is typically elevated, with the majority of the cells being granulocytes and monocytes.

Presence of blast cells: In the early stages of CML, there is an increased number of immature white blood cells, called blast cells, in the blood and bone marrow. These cells are typically identified through a bone marrow biopsy, which is a procedure in which a small sample of bone marrow is taken and examined under a microscope.

Absence of other causes of myeloproliferation: CML is a specific type of myeloproliferative disorder, which is characterized by the overproduction of white blood cells. Other causes of myeloproliferation, such as myelofibrosis or polycythemia vera, should be ruled out before making a diagnosis of CML.

Positive response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are a type of medication that target the BCR-ABL fusion protein that is present in CML cells. These drugs have been shown to be highly effective in controlling the disease and are used as the primary treatment for CML. A positive response to TKI therapy is often used as an additional criterion for diagnosis.

In summary, CML is a type of blood cancer that is characterized by the overproduction of white blood cells, the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome, and a positive response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The diagnosis of CML is based on a combination of clinical, laboratory, and molecular tests, and requires the exclusion of other causes of myeloproliferation. With early diagnosis and proper treatment, CML can often be controlled and managed effectively.